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Black Our'story

The Africentric Perspective

"The Africentric model has been described as a philosophical model based on traditional African philosophical assumptions (Asante, 1987, 1988; Baldwin and Hopkins, 1990, Schiele, 1994). A basic assumption of the Africentric conceptual framework is that African Americans have a distinct cultural orientation (Asante, 1987; Baldwin, 1981; Nobles, 1980; Schiele, 1994). In addition, it is assumed that despite the influence of the Euro-American culture, African Americans tend to operate within the influence of the African worldview (Baldwin, 1984; Nobles, 1980). Therefore, efforts to understand African American relationships and experiences must incorporate the values and principles of the African American worldview. As Bell, Bouie, and Baldwin (1990) note, "The African-American worldview is rooted in the historical, cultural, and philosophical tradition of African people. This worldview incorporates Black behaviors and psychological functioning from the perspective of a value system which prioritizes the affirmation of Black life" (p. 169)."
- Mary V. Alfred, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, USA

REFERENCE BOOKS

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience : The Concise Desk Reference by Anthony Appiah, Henry Louise Gates, Anthony Kwame Appiah, Henry Louis Gates	The New York Public Library African American Desk Reference by New York Public Library	The Oxford Companion to African American Literature by William L. Andrews (Editor), This important sourcebook for information about black writers and their craft is a welcome companion to the recently issued Norton Anthology of African American Literature. More to the point, it shows how much black literature, once relegated to the margins, has become mainstream.
The Norton Anthology of African American Literature (Includes Audio CD) by Henry Louis Gates (Editor),	Existentia Africana by Lewis R. Gordon *Sylvia Wynter, author of Do Not Call Us Negroes: How Multicultural Textbooks Perpetuate Racism* and Professor Emerita, Stanford University** "'What does it mean to be a problem?' In the innovative essays of Existentia Africana, Lewis Gordon returns to the exploration both of W.E.B. Dubois' question, as well as of the emancipatory tradition of Black existential thought....It is an immense and profoundly original undertaking."	Africa - The Serengeti (Large Format) Author: George Casey; The DVD does capture the primeval truths of survival in the wild and has some magnificant footage of African savanna but what could have spiced it up is some more of those natural drama which accompanies many inter-species encounters in the African bush and which have been captured in many other documentaries on African wildlife.
Holman Bible Dictionary by Trent C. Butler (Editor) The Black Holocaust for Beginners S. E. Anderson, Vanessa Holley (Illustrator) The systematic exploitation, enslavement and extermination of Africans in the Western Hemisphere dates from the start of the European slave trade around 1500 BCE to the conclusion of the American Civil War in 1865. The Black Holocaust killed millions of African human beings and is (because of the social prejudice and dehumanization necessary to justify slavery) the most underreported event in western history. The Black Holocaust For Beginners is an ideal introduction to this incredible human chronicle of suffering and is a "must" for every school and community library black studies and American history collection.	Black History Month Resource Book Mary Ellen Snodgrass; $80.00 This book describes in some detail 333 activities for that commemoration, arranged in such subject areas as art and architecture, cooking, genealogy, math, religion and ethics, sewing and fashion, speech .	National Geographic - Africa Author: National Geographic; DVD Mama Africa - She's In Your Soul DVD Few feature-lth African films get released in the U.S., so it's rare indeed to get to see worthy short films from that vast continent. Mama Africa consists of three such films--all directed by women--and actress-musician Queen Latifah introduces each one.
*Essential Readings* *For Serious Black Folk* The central objective in decolonizing the African mind is to overthrow the authority which alien traditions exercise over the African. This demands the dismantling of white supremacist beliefs, and the structures which uphold them, in every area of African life. It must be stressed, however, that decolonization does not mean ignorance of foreign traditions; it simply means denial of their authority and withdrawal of allegiance from them. - Chinweizu MORE THAN BLACK STUDIES: AFRICAN RE-EDUCATION
To Be a Slave Julius Lester; Paperback - $6.99 A compilation, selected from various sources and arranged chronologically, of the reminiscences of slaves and ex-slaves about their experiences, from the leaving of Africa through the Civil War	The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey, Or, Africa for the Africans Marcus Garvey; Paperback; $14.95 A man who stands without equal in the history of the worldwide mobilization of African peoples. For Marcus Garvey did not merely organize the most massive Black movement in the history of the United States of America. He also organized the largest and most successful movement among	to the early 2h.Destruction of Black Civilization Chancellor William... Price: $17.95 The purpose of this book is not to be descriptive, but prescriptive. In other words, The Destruction is not meant to serve solely as a history book. The book's purpose is to provide Afrikan people with an historical background into...
Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology "by Cheikh Anta Diop - demonstrates his multidisciplinary genius in this book. His scientific approach leaves no stone unturned, even when dealing with linguistics. He addresses so many topics, from the origins of civilization to political and social organization in ancient states. I especially treasure the chapters on Africa's contribution to humanity in sciences and philosophy. A real eye-opener. Mostly French speaking authors are referenced and critiqued though.	Stolen Legacy -the true authors of Greek philosophy were not the Greeks, but the people of North Africa, commonly called the Egyptians;	Destruction of Black Civilization : Great Issues of a Race from 4500 B.C to 2000 A.D. by Chancellor Williams; Third World Press - Finally someone got it right. Black history has always been told by whites with an axe to grind. They always feel that the truth will empower blacks so they resort to calling black-skinned people white, if they created a great civilization. Mr. Williams told it like it is. We can see even now that mulattos are replacing blacks just like they did in Egypt, the Sudan and many other places he shows how mulattos turn against blacks and identify with whites as he points out in the book. Black culture is always being destroyed because Blacks don’t seem to be as interested in preserving it as whites do.3
Black Man of the Nile and His Family By Dr. Ben , first published in 1972, is Dr. Ben's best-known work. It captures much of the substance of his early research on ancient Africa. In a masterful and unique manner, Dr. Ben uses Black Man of the Nile to challenge and expose "Europeanized" African History. He points up the distortion after distortion made in the long record of African contributions to world civilization. Once exposed he attacks these distortions with a vengeance, providing a spellbinding corrective lesson in our story.	WORLD'S GREAT MEN OF COLOR, VOLUME I by J.A. Rogers - World's Great Men of Color is a comprehensive account of the great Black personalities in world history. J. A. Rogers was one of the first Black scholars to devote most of his life to researching the lives of hundreds of men and women of color. This first volume is a convenient reference; equipped with a comprehensive introduction, it treats all aspects of recorded Black history. J. A. Rogers's book is vital reading for everyone who wants a fuller and broader understanding of the great personalities who have shaped our world.	Niles Valley Contributions to Civilization by Anthony T. Browder - "The civilization of Egypt, and of Africa in general, is the most written about and the least understood of all known subjects. This is not an accident or an error in misunderstanding the available information. Except for Egypt, *African people have been programmed out of the respectable commentary of history*. Europeans have claimed the non-African creation of Egypt in order to downgrade the position of African people in world history. They have laid the foundation of what they call Western Civilization on a structure that the Western mind did not create. In doing so, they have used no logic.
African Presence in Early America (Revised edition and audio tape includes Van Sertima's address to the Smithsonian) Twenty-one years have passed since They Came Before Columbus appeared, in which Van Sertima presented most of the facts that were then known about the links between Africa and America before Columbus. But since then many more sculptures have emerged from the earth or from the back rooms of private collections. New stone heads have surfaced in recent excavations while a very old one with a seven-braided Egyptian hairstyle has come out of a century of obscurity into sudden prominence. Far more sophisticated analyses may now be presented of ancient African astronomy, map-making, scripts, navigation, trade routes, pyramidial structures, linguistic connections, technological and ritual complexes. In this collective work, Van Sertima is joined by half a dozen other colleagues. The work focuses largely on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) and the Mandingo-Songhay trading voyages (from early fourteenth to late fifteenth century). (170 illustrations)	Marcus Garvey and the Vision of Africa by John Henrik Clarke - Among Black leaders, Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) was unique. His popularity was universal, his program for the return of African people to their motherland shook the foundations of three empires, all subsequent Black Power movements have owed a debt to his example, and his prophecy has been fulfilled in the independence that brought into being more than thirty African nations. This illuminating reader shows Garvey in all his dimensions. Among the many contributors are, in addition to Garvey himself, W. E. B. Dubois, E. Franklin Frazier, William Z. Foster, Amy Jacques Garvey, and the editor, John Henrik Clarke	How Europe Underdeveloped Africa by Walter Rodney An exceptionally well-written account of facts and historic events that contributes validity to Walter Rodney's case. Clearly an enormous amount of research was done for this analysis to be as clear cut and decisive as it illustrated. A fantastic piece of armor for any student or intellectual of African/World History. We were so captivated by this book that we have made it a point to relay its information to all that we know and have even given it as a gift to many of our friends and family members world wide
Egypt Revisited: Journal of African Civilizations This work is divided, with students and teachers in mind, into four sections. In the first section, two distinguished historians, Basil Davidson and Cheikh Anta Diop, present the evidence which establishes the African claim to a physical and cultural predominance in the classical Egyptian dynasties. The second section is a review of the major Black dynasties (Bruce Williams, Wayne Chandler, Runoko Rashidi, James Brunson, Legrand Clegg, Asa Hilliard, Phaon Goldman) and includes a working chronology of the dynasties. In the third section, Theophile Obenga initiates a rewriting of the beginnings of philosophy and Maulana Karenga provides a fresh study of the world's oldest treatises on social order. Charles Finch informs us of startling medical breakthroughs in his commentary on the Edwin Smith papyrus. The book closes with a bibliography of Black Women Scholars in Egyptology (Larry Williams), a guide to readings on Egypt for children (Beatrice Lumpkin) and a glossary of Egyptian terms (Rashidi and Blackburn). (176 illustrations)	African Presence in Early Asia This volume, co-edited with Runoko Rashidi, is divided into five sections. The first discusses the people of Asia from Africa and identifies African people with Asia's first hominid as well as modern human populations. The second section demonstrates the African elements underlying major early civilizations in Asia, an overview that includes India, Iraq, and Iran, Phoenicia, Palestine, the Arabian peninsula, China, Japan and Cambodia. The third section discusses the African origin of the great religions of Asia--Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. The fourth section focuses on the historical and anthropological relationship between African people and Asia's Indo-European, Mongoloid and Semitic populations. The final section deals with African bondage in Asia and provides a fascinating glimpse of the Dalits, the Black untouchables of India. Who are the Blacks of Asia? What have they done? What are they doing now? This volume seeks to answer these questions and to reunite a family too long separated. (100 illustrations)	Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern (Journal of African Civilizations ; Vol. 5, No. 1-2) This book draws on the latest researches to show that Africa had an impressive scientific tradition in certain centers and historical periods. It highlights steel-smelting machines in Tanzania dating back 1,500 years ago, using semi-conductor technology and achieving temperatures 200 degrees higher than the best in Europe; an observatory in Kenya 300 ?B.C.; 13th century discoveries by West African astronomers of an invisible star, their accurate plotting of its orbit around its parent star as well as a orbit on its own axis, a fact unknown even to modern science; cultivation of crops and domestication of cattle 6,000-7,000 years before Asia or Europe; African first discoveries of tetracycline, vaccines, aspirin, as well as advances in operations like eye-cataract surgery and caesarean sections; African invention of half a dozen scripts before European colonization. The book also deals with African-American inventions, especially in the fields of telecommunication, space, and nuclear science. (96 illustrations)
Daughters of Isis: Women of Ancient Egypt by Joyce A. Tyldesley - This book is an excellent scholarly study of the women of Ancient Egypt. Pulling exclusively from written accounts and archaeology finds, Ms. Tyldesley remarks on what we know of all facets of the lives of the women of this age. She is careful to admit when we don't have enough knowledge to guess the meaning of this, or the customary use of that. She is never afraid to admit we just don't know for sure. The great scope of this work manages to be laid out in an easy to read and understand format that is entertaining as well as informative. Interspersed throughout the text is quotes from various ancient translated sources that give an insight to daily life and beliefs. The book also is wonderful because it looks at both the wealthy Queens and the lowly servants, the slaves, the merchant's wives. What did they wear? Why did they wear wigs and shave their natural hair? What jobs did women hold? How were marriages arranged? Did harems of women really exist? Which women ruled Egypt alone? What rights did women have in Ancient Egypt? What was day to day life like? Why was Ancient Egypt the very best society for women at the time? What did they eat? It is all explained with supporting information, footnotes, and an extensive bibliography to advance your search for information after you've read this book. Highly recommended addition to your library!	Egypt: Child of Africa (Journal of African Civilizations, V. 12) This issue seeks to answer two questions: First, whether ancient Egyptians were predominantly African or Africoid in a physical sense during the major native dynasties before the invasions of the Persian, Greek , Roman and Arab foreigners. Second, whether their language, writing, vision of god and the universe, their concept of the divine kingship, ritual ceremonies and practices, administrative and architecural symbols, structures, and techno-complex, were quintessentially African and not, in any major particular, projected from those in Europe or Asia in that or any previous time. (105 illustrations) Re-Inventing Africa: Matriarchy, Religion, and Culture by Ifi Amadiume Amadiume teaches about ancient matriarchal cultures in Africa, and the diverse and well-respected roles of women in Africa before colonialism. Traditional African religions were often woman-centered or non-preferential with regard to gender. Amadiume chronciles the "masculinization" of religion, dating from the introduction of Christianity and Islam.	Black Women in Antiquity (Journal of African Civilizations ; V. 6) This volume provides an overview of the black queens, madonnas and goddesses who dominated the history and imagination of ancient times. The authors have concentrated on Ethopia and Egypt because the documents in the Nile Valley are voluminous compared to the sketchier record in other parts of Africa, but also because the imagination of the world, not just that of Africa, was haunted by these women. They are just as prominent a feature of European mythology as of African reality. The book is divided into three parts; Ethopian and Egyptian queens and Goddesses; Black Women in Ancient Art; Conquerors and Courtesans. There are also chapters on the diffusion into Europe of the African goddess, Isis, and on the great scientist Hypatia, whose African ancestry during the Greek-invader period is deduced not only by her lineage but by a comparative study of the rights of African and European women. (88 illustrations)
Precolonial Black Africa: A Comparative Study of the Political and Social Systems of Europe and Black Africa, from Antiquity to the Formation of Mod: by Cheikh Anta Diop - This book juxtaposes medieval West African societies with their European counterparts. Diop utilizes primary sources (e.g., "Tarikh-as-Sudan" and "Tarikh-al-Fettash") to illustrate the fundamental components of medieval West African civilization and political organization. Aspects of African culture that are generally regarded as "non-African" are discussed, such as the existence of indigenous African scripts, the use of armor in African military regiments, in-depth university curricula, and even the possibility of pre-Columbian navigation to America. This book is a must read for student of precolonial West African history	African Presence in Early Europe This book places into perspective the role of the African in world civilization, in particular his little known contributions to the advancement of Europe. A major essay on the evolution of the Caucasoid discusses recent scientific discoveries of the African fatherhood of man and the shift towards albinism (dropping of pigmentation) by the Grimaldi African during an ice age in Europe. The debt owed to African and Arab Moors for certain inventions usually credited to the Renaissance is discussed, as well as the much earlier Afro-Egyptian influence on Greek science and philosophy.	*The Golden Age of the Moor (Journal of African Civilizations, Vol 11, Fall 1991)* This work examines the debt owed by Europe to the Moors for the Renaissance and the significant role played by the African in the Muslim invasions of the Iberian peninsula. While it focuses mainly on Spain and Portugal, it will also examine the races and roots of the original North African before the later ethnic mix of the blackamoors and tawny Moors in the medieval period. The study ranges from the Moor in the literature of Cervantes and Shakespeare to his profound influence upon Europe's univeristy system and the diffusion via this system of the ancient and medieval sciences. The Moors are shown to affect not only European mathematics and map-making, agriculture and architecture, but their markets, their music and their machines.
The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses by Oyeronke Oyewumi - The author traces the misapplication of Western, body-oriented concepts of gender through the history of gender discourses in Yoruba studies. THE INVENTION OF WOMEN demonstrates that biology as a rationale for organizing the social world is a Western construction not applicable in Yoruba culture where social organization was determined by relative age. Oyewunmi goes into an area previously thought to be fully explored, and shatters all the presumptions in an indisputable fashion. People who never tried hard enough true roles and social functions in pre-colonial times have steeped the Yoruba ‘woman’ in the image of her Western counterpart. This book is written with a great deal of intuitiveness, depth and logic. It is painstakingly researched and thorough, yet imminently readable. It's the best book I've read in years.	Great Black Leaders: Ancient and Modern (Journal of African Civilizations, Vol. 9) Ivan Van Sertima Any selection of leaders, whatever the criteria, is inherently subjective, and this collection does not pretend to be comprehensive. It does establish clear criteria for inclusion, focusing on outstanding individuals from America, Africa, and the Caribbean, who are clearly of global and not solely national significance. Leaders from a number of historical epochs were selected and the editor has also included material on outstanding women leaders (Queens Tiye, Hatshepsut, Nzingha). Leaders who had captured the worlds imagination (Shaka) or who had profoundly affected the modern period (Kwame Nkrumah) are also represented. With one exception (Nelson Mandela) the individuals described are no longer living, to ensure that time warrants a consensus about their significance. (120 illustrations)	Great African Thinkers: Cheikh Anta Diop (Great African Thinkers, Volume 1) This book reviews the life and thought of an African who has left a major impact upon the world. He was the Senegalese physicist, historian and linguist, Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop, who was born in Diourbel, Senegal on December 29, 1923, and died in Dakar on February 7, 1986. No figure in the field of African civilization studies has been more highly regarded in the French and English-speaking world than Diop. In 1966 the First World Festival of Arts and Culture attributed jointly to the late W.E.B Du Bois and Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop its "Award of the Scholar who has exerted the greatest influence on Negro thought in the 20th century." The book has the finest essays by, extended interviews with, and detailed analyses of, Diop. (98 illustrations)
Cultural Genocide in the Black and African Studies Cur... Author: Yosef Ben-Jochannan;	Nile Valley Contributions to Civilization "The civilization of Egypt, and of Africa in general, is the most written about and least understood of all known subjects. This is not an accident or an error in misunderstanding the available information. Except for Egypt, African people have been programme out of the respectable commentary of history. Europeans have claimed the non-African creation of Egypt in order to downgrade the position of African people in world history. They have laid the foundation of what they call western civilization on a structure that the western mind did not create. In doing so, they have used no logic.	The Irritated Genie Race vindication has long been a major theme in the consciousness of blacks living in the United States... Early conceptualizations of this consciousness in the second decade of the 19th century reflected on the Haitian Revolution as a demostration of race redemption.... The liberator of Haiti, Jean Jacques Dessalines, in his speech accepting the office of governor general for life of the newly independent Black Nation, referring to the possible attempted invasion of Haiti, asserted that upon approach.... The irritaed genie of Haiti looming out of the bossom of the sea appears , his meanacing face rouses the waves, stirs up storms and his mighty hand smashes or scatters their ships.
African Holistic Health This book is the first of it's kind on African Holistics. It provides a wealth of information that had been missing in Health, History, Social Science and Holistic. A masterpiece, a must for all learned people and a plus for those interested in learning more.	The Endangered Black Family: Coping With the Unisexualization and Coming Extinction of the Black Race (A Black Male/Female Relationships Book ; No) - Nathan and Julia HareNathan a	Black Men: Obsolete, Single, Dangerous?: The Afrikan American Family in Transition: Essays in Discovery, Solution and Hope Haki R. Madhubuti
What They Never Told You In The History Class In the millenium, the most important issue will still be the race question. Not surprisingly, technology will provide white supremacy with greater weapons of destructions to the minds of the non-white population throughout the world. The basic implication for blacks is that we do not have "a history" of any real significance to the rest of the world. We are in effect a non-essential factor in the forward advance of civilization. Thus in time of crisis or surplus Black people are likely to be an expendable and disposable commodity based on our lack of contributions to mankind.	Welcoming Spirit Home: Ancient African Teachings to Celebrate Children and Community by Sobonfu E. Some On a spiritual and global level, readers would be hard-pressed to find a better book on family values than Welcoming Spirit Home. Author Sobonfu Some, whose name means "keeper of rituals," narrates this collection of stories and traditions from her native tribe--the Dagara of Burkino Faso, Africa. Children are considered the soul of each village, according to the Dagara people, and as a result the tribe has numerous rituals that celebrate the arrival and raising of young ones. Page by page, Some explains these many exotic and loving rituals--from helping grandparents and babies bond to activities that support a "child's sense of worth." Even a woman's conception is cause for enormous community pride. Elders bathe the mother-to-be, dress her up, and then "introduce her and the incoming soul to the community." Everyone kisses her belly and sings songs of welcoming and joy. The tribe's simplistic lifestyle and genuine happiness seem to stem from its strong connection to the earth as well as the honoring of all tribal people--even the unborn.

Kush The Jewel Of Nubia
The Great Cheikh Anta Diop identified the roots of African culture from which one can trace the branches. No African researcher since, however, has provided a comprehensive analysis connecting the ancient Nile Valley civilizations with the African universe. From the pyraminds to the great walls of Zimbabwe, Western scholars have attributed the achievements of these prodigious indigenous African civilizations to people culturally and geographically alien to Africa

The Willie Lynch Letter And The Making of a Slave
The Willie Lynch letter And The Making of a Slave is a study of the scientific process of man breaking and slave making. It describes the rationale and the results of Anglo Saxon's ideas and methods of insuring the master/slave relationship.

Blueprint For Black Power
Afrikan life into the coming Mellennia is imperiled by White and Asain power. True power must nest in the ownership of the real estate wherever Afrikan people dwell. Economic destiny determines biological destiny. Blueprint for Black Power details a master plan for the power revolution necessary for Black survival in the 21st century.

Intellectual Warfare
by Jacob Carruthers

From The Browder File
"From The Browder File is "must" reading for all Africans. Essays in this book are not intellectual pontifications. The thought provoking material represents a true labor of love from an African father, "brother," scholar and "Hue-Man" being who is unlocking the last remaining vestiges of enslavement - the need for liberation of the melenin mind.

The Historical Origin Of Christianity
During the past 20 years my life's commitment has been to researching and finding out all that i could to ressurect the Ancient Egyptian consciousness among my people. We have gone from Africans/slaves, to Colored, to Negroes, to Blacks and now to African-Americans. The information written in this book is very vital for our community at this time in world history.

African Centered Education: Its Value, Importance, and Necessity in the Development of Black Children
Haki R. Madhubuti

African Intellectual Heritage
by Molefi Kete Asante, Molefi K. Asante (Editor), Abu Shardow Abarry (Editor)
From Library Journal
This massive compilation of documents dealing broadly with the history and impact of Africa is organized by topics ranging from creation stories to "resistance and renewal."
Copyright 1996 Reed Business Information, Inc.

My Name is Chellis and I'm in Recovery from Western Civilization
by CHELLIS GLENDINNING
Amazon.com
"You and I are not people who live in communion with the earth," Chellis Glendinning begins. "We exist instead dislocated from our roots by the psychological, philosophical, and technological constructions of our civilization, and this alienation leads to our suffering: massive suffering for each...

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience Kwame Anthony Appiah	A Journey into 366 Days of Black History 2004 Calendar $11.19 by Various African American Artists of the (Illustrator), Walter O Evans Collection of African Ame
The Practice of Diaspora : Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism	Up from Slavery: An Authoritative Text, Contexts, and Composition History, Criticism (A Norton Critical Edition)
W.E.B. Dubois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919 David Levering Lewis; Paperback; Buy New: $14.00 Chronicling the long career of a prime mover in America's nascent civil rights movement, a Pulitzer and Bancroft Prize-winning biography shows the major impact this great and controversial thinker had on America.	From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans Jr. Alfred A. Moss
Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America Lerone Jr. Bennett	Lest We Forget: The Passage from Africa to Slavery and Emancipation: A Three-Dimensional Interactive Book with Photographs and Documents from the Black Holocaust Exhibit Velma Maia Thomas
Black Protest and the Great Migration: A Brief History With Documents Eric Arnesen	Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism (Norton Critical Edition)
From Babylon to Timbuktu: A History of the Ancient Black Races Including the Black Hebrews Rudolph R. Windsor	Precolonial Black Africa: A Comparative Study of the Political and Social Systems of Europe and Black Africa, from Antiquity to the Formation of Mod Cheikh Anta Diop
The African-American Atlas: Black History and Culture-An Illustrated Reference Mark T. Mattson	To Make Our World Anew: A History of African Americans Robin D. G. Kelley